Terror Attack Against Jews On The Freeway of Judah

 Nadene Goldfoot                                              

Terror attacks on Jews in Israel are not stopping.  One happened yesterday when Aharon Cohen, age 71, from Kiryat Arba, was attacked and killed  at the Gush Etzion Junction in Judah.  He was  a resident of the Judea-Samaria (West Bank) settlement of Kiryat Arba near Hebron, local authorities announce.   

Judah's Gush Etzion Junction (Hebrew: צומת גוש עציון, romanized: Tzomet HaGush Etzion), also known simply as Gush Junction, is a 120-dunam (0.12 km²; 0.046 sq mi) business, commercial and tourism center in the southern West Bank, which serves as the entry point to the Gush Etzion bloc of settlements. It is administered by the Gush Etzion Regional Council.  Long known as a "congenial meeting spot for Israelis and Palestinians," in the fall of 2015 the junction was the site of about ten Palestinian attacks against Israelis

 

 Beitar Illit, the largest city in Gush Etzion, was founded in 1985, 40 years ago

Gush Etzion  (Hebrew: גּוּשׁ עֶצְיוֹן, lit. Etzion Bloc) is a cluster of Israeli settlements located in the Judaean Mountains, directly south of Jerusalem and Bethlehem in the West Bank. The core group includes four Jewish agricultural villages that were founded in 1943–1947, and destroyed by the Arab Legion on May 13, 1948 in the 1948 Palestine war, in the Kfar Etzion massacre. The area was left outside of Israel with the 1949 armistice lines. These settlements were rebuilt after the 1967 Six-Day War, along with new communities that have expanded the area of the Etzion Bloc. As of 2011, Gush Etzion consisted of 22 settlements with a population of 70,000.  They find themselves out of the area left for Jews.  It had always been discussed with the government to one day have a trade off of land and they would be included.  

Judah's Kiryat Arba or Qiryat Arba is an urban Israeli settlement on the outskirts of Hebron, in the southern Israeli-occupied West Bank. Founded in 1968, in 2023 it had a population of 7,572, slightly bigger than Gush Etzion. Hebron is mentioned.  It is a very important city in Jewish history, and Jewish people have tried to get as close to it as they can.  In the Bible it is also called Kiriath Arba, a city in the land of Judah.  It is only 18 miles south of Jerusalem.  It was Abraham, father of both Jews and Muslims, who bought a plot of land that held the Cave of Machpelah in order to bury his niece who also was his wife, Sarah.  Today, a mosque stads on the site.  Today, both must deal with this problem as Jews pray here.  

Hebron as it looked in 1839, a painting by David Roberts

The man murdered in the terror attack yesterday was Aharon Cohen, 71, from Kiryat Arba. The father of one of the 2 Palestinian terrorists who murdered Cohen and wounded 3 others and who were killed, praised his son for dying as a martyr and said that he had looked forward to such an event his whole life. Abraham and Sarah lived in about 1948 BCE.  

Border Police sappers inspect a car belonging to two Palestinian terrorists following an attack at the Gush Etzion Junction in the West Bank, November 18, 2025. (Israel Police)

The attack was carried out by two Palestinian assailants who accelerated their vehicle into people at the junction, before one got out and stabbed several victims, according to preliminary findings by the Israel Defense Forces.  They were later identified by Palestinian officials as Imran al-Atrash and Walid Sabarneh, both 18.  In the aftermath of the attack, several explosive devices were discovered in the vehicle and disarmed.  Both terrorists were shot dead by security forces at the scene, the IDF and first responders said.

I note that Aharon Cohen had remained in Judah the whole time; lived in Judah and was killed in Judah.  Judah was our last stand through the ages of our Israel, made up of the 12 lands of the 12 sons of Jacob.  We Jews come from the land of Judah.  

Resource:  

The New Standard Jewish Encyclopedia

https://www.thetorah.com/article/kiryat-arba-is-hebron-but-is-it

Judah In Its Own Cardiac Failure With Cure Held Back Today

 Nadene Goldfoot                                             

   After King Solomon (961-920 BCE)  died, Israel divided in two; Judah and Israel.  

Today's Israel cabinet discussed the advancing of sovereignty over Judea and Samaria once again.  In recent decades, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has controlled parts of the West Bank, and the militant group Hamas has run the Gaza Strip. You should know how that has turned out; something not to be repeated.  Meanwhile, Israel has exercised power over both areas in different ways.

Members of Israel's parliament (the Knesset) advanced bills on October 22, 2025, that call for the formal annexation of the occupied West Bank, referred to as Judea and Samaria by the Israeli government. The annexation plan was initially put forward by right-wing lawmakers and involves applying Israeli law over the territory. 

Vice President Vance was extremely bothered when he heard of this.  He said he would not allow it to happen in so many words.  It's the timing that bothers some Israelis politicians

the timing is bad.  Yet the timing is as bad to the

 Israelis whobrought it up when they did. Netanyahu is left in the middle of upset politicians on both sides.   Israel actually voted on this, leaving Vance feeling insulted! 

 An Israeli Knesset vote took place on July 23, 2025, concerning a symbolic motion calling for the annexation of Judea, Samaria, and the Jordan Valley—the Israeli terms for the occupied West Bank. The results of the vote were: For annexation: 71 lawmakers  Against annexation: 13 lawmakers

The recent symbolic motion in Israel's parliament, the Knesset, mentioned above was a non-binding vote calling for the annexation of the occupied West Bank. Although it has no immediate legal effect, it serves as a political statement and a call to action to apply Israeli sovereignty to the area. This non-binding vote passed with a large majority, but it does not formally authorize any annexation actions.  This is the cure for Judah and Samaria's death to those concerned.  

After some 3,500 years or so, Judah is almost dead, hardly remembered, replaced by WEST BANK,  unknown to people on planet earth.  As one of its homo sapiens, I'm here to tell you that Judah was the homeland of the Jewish people of today!  Since there are only approximately 15.8 million Jews worldwide, making up about 0.2% of the total global population. This figure is still lower than the pre-Holocaust estimate of 16.6 million in 1939.  Thus, we are only two-tenths of one % of the world population! 6 million were murdered openly, a government program done on purpose by Nazis from 1939 to 1945.                                        

     Palestine in 1920, the expectation as the Jewish Homeland, made of 46,513 sq. miles.  

• Excluding occupied territories: Approximately 8,019 to 8,522 square miles is a commonly cited figure for Israel's area within its pre-1967 borders, also known as the Green Line. This number may also vary based on how internal water bodies are accounted for.  Actually, Israel is about 1/10th of the size first promised.  Prince Abdullah of Trans-Jordan got most of it.  

  

Sources: Satellite image on left courtesy of NASA, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Southeast_mediterranean_annotated_geography.jpg. Map in the center courtesy of Kordas, http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:1947-UN-Partition-Plan-1949-Armistice-Comparison-es.svg. Map on right courtesy of CIA World Factbook.

• 
  

Jews have since finally received back their ancient land once called Israel; not by war but by buying back land that the Ottoman Empire had lost to the Allies of the 2nd World War, and then finally, with letters like the Balfour Doctrine, been given the nod that England would be giving up their 30 year mandate on land, then called Palestine  (named by the Romans in 135 CE after a battle with a Jewish general who gained Jerusalem back from them after they had taken the land in 70 CE for 3 years from 132-135). With that, Jews were given back their land on the same day;  May 14, 1948. 

    A part of the land is the most important part and called Judah.  Our history is of the 12 brothers of Jacob being given the land through the pick of lots, and  Judah's 4th son got this piece of land and were happy with it.  On that the first Temple of Solomon was built. Judah's land was one of the largest and finally absorbed the inheritance of Simeon  in the Negev desert.  

Jerusalem's area is the SE extending to the Dead Sea, composed of the desert of Judah, made of steep falling eastern slop of the Judean hills.  Some 60 miles N to S by 15 miles East to West, it falls from 3,000 ft above sea-level to 1,300 ft below.  It is cut by deep gorges and includes the biblical desert of Ziph, Jeruel, En Gedi, and Tekoa.  It has caves which were the refuge of mystics, fugitives and rebels, as well as the hiding plae of the Dead Sea Scrolls, etc.  

 A capitol was eventually needed and created called Samaria (Shomron).  David belonged to this tribe.  He became an important king  from about 1000-960 BCE.  

Jordan dubbed the name, 'West Bank" for Judea and Samaria."Jordan named the area "West Bank" after the 1948 Arab-Israeli War when it took control of the territory west of the Jordan River. The official annexation of this territory, which included East Jerusalem, was completed in 1950, and the name was used to differentiate it from Jordan's original territory, which was east of the river and called the "East Bank" or "Transjordan"

When King Solomon, David's son died, king Omri (no relation), a ranking soldier,  bought the land for it in 880 BCE from Shemer(told about in I Kings 16:24) in the Bible.  This city was made of 25 acres.  Samaria withstood the siege of the Syrians but fell in 721 BCE to Sargon II of Assyria who resettled it with Cutheans who mixed in with the remnants of the former population and were ancestors of the Samaritans.  It became a Macadonian colony in 331 BCE. 

 Samaria as a city decayed in Byzantine times and shrank to a village in the Arab period.  By then the entire northern region of the central highlands of Palestine was referred to as Samaria.

The kingdom of Judah had as its first king, the son of Solomon who was Rehoboam who ruled from 933 to 917 BCE.  It's last Jewish ruler was King Zedekiah, ruling from 597-586 BCE.  Judah had had 20 kings ruling it during that period.  

Then Rome ended it in 70 CE.  Other conquerors have taken it.  The last was the Ottoman Empire who held Palestine from  1516/1517 to 1917/1918, after conquering the region from the Mamluk Sultanate. This period of Ottoman rule lasted for approximately four centuries, though it was briefly interrupted by a nine-year occupation by Egypt between 1831 and 1840. The empire's rule ended during World War I when the British occupied the region. That 30 year rule ended on May 14, 1948.                     

Is Trump today's emperor taking the land once again?  When Vespasian was declared Emperor on 1 July 69 AD, Titus was left in charge of ending the Jewish rebellion. In 70 AD, he besieged and captured Jerusalem, and destroyed the city and the Second Temple. For this achievement Titus was awarded a triumph; the Arch of Titus commemorates his victory and still stands today.  

Then again, King Herod the Great had a lot to say about Jerusalem.  Herod I or (c. 72 – c. 4 BCE) was a Roman Jewish client king of the Herodian kingdom of Judea. He is known for his colossal building projects. Among these works are the rebuilding of the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the expansion of its base—the Western Wall being part of it. Many of the crucial details of his life are recorded in the works of the 1st century CE Roman–Jewish historian Josephus. Jerusalem was considered part of the  Herodian kingdom and was a client state of the Roman Republic, later Roman Empire, ruled from 37 to 4 BCE by Herod the Great, who was appointed "King of the Jews"...It was another Herod, his son, Herod II Archelaus. whose father was Herod the Great in 4 BC, and ruled over one-half of the territorial dominion of his father. Archelaus was removed by the Roman emperor Augustus..so No, Herod the Great was only a king, not an emperor.  .

 

Judea-Samaria's History Held in Jeopardy Today

Nadene Goldfoot     
                                                        1205-1050 BCE
                                               from the Book of Joshua                     

Judah had a population of 76,500
     Dan had 64,400
                             Issachar had 64,309 (Mt Tabor to Jordan)
                         Zebulun had 60,500 (Valley of Jezreel)
   Asher had 53,400
Manasseh had 52,700
Benjamin had 45,600
Naphtali had 45,400
Reuben had 43,730
    Gad had 40,500
                 Ephraim had 32,500 (hill country)
Simeon had 22,200

At the end of the Exodus with Moses in 1271 BCE, Joshua helped the 600,000+ population of 12 tribes to settle in the land they had walked and rode  for 40 years to settle in;  Canaan.  This was land they had left during a terrible famine for Egypt.   They were given explicit directions and instructions from G-d about this according to our Torah of who would settle where.  
                                                         

The tribe of Judah, the largest and the one we Jews are from, was given the southern portion of land.  Each tribe had their name for their section.  All 12 tribes together created Israel.  Hebron is in Judah, 18 miles south of Jerusalem.
Abraham had bought the land holding the Cave of Machpelah so he could have a place to bury his wife/niece, Sarah.  Today a mosque stands on the site and the Arabs have taken over the city. 
It looks like Jerusalem was actually in Benjamin which was the northern tip of Judah.   
                                                           

When King Solomon died in 920 BCE, a Civil War ensued between the North and the South, and the Temple, which was in Judah, was the most important to the people of Judah.  We were soon to see that the tribe of Judah was the final tribe left after Assyrians  had their way with Israel.  Israel lasted for 351 years before leaving Judah.  

Then the Babylonians took Judeans away forcefully to Babylonia where they lived in 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE, large numbers were deported.  This was 323 years later from the death of Solomon.  Judeans had lived in their own land of Judah for 685 years.  This is as if Americans from 1776 could continue on their land until the year 2461.  

 Luckily, most returned when King Darius allowed them with the admonishment of telling them to rebuild their temple, and they did!  Not all returned, however after this interlude of time.  There's always those who couldn't or wouldn't return and settled into the ways of Babylonians gladly.  
They had only been gone either 48 to 59 years, about 2 generations from the kidnapping.  

Romans came along and occupied Judah in 63 BCE  , then they burned Jerusalem and the Temple down in 70 CE, killing and taking people as slaves for markets to be slaughtered in their circuses with lions, or fodder for the army, etc.  The Romans took the land and gold from the Temple and changed the name to Judea.  Jews had lived in Judah up till this for the past 1,341 years. Jews almost got it back permanently but it lasted only for 4 years when General Bar Kokhba fought for Jerusalem's return in 132-135, with Romans winning.  They then renamed it as Palaestina after the worst enemy Israel and Judah had had, the Philistines.  Romans had been rebuilding Jerusalem as a Roman Colony and they had prohibited the act of circumcision on Jews.  This was 62 years after the burning of Jerusalem.  

Judea.  The Roman Stamp.  Again, not all Jews were dragged away or even escaped.  Some remained in hiding in their land that was full of hiding places.  They stayed until this very day.  True children of Judah.  Oh, but the geneticists would love to test them!  

We must remember that Abram-Abraham, born in the 2nd millennium BCE or about 1948 BCE,  had entered Canaan from the East around the Euphrates River area.  He had come with his father, Terah,  in a group of people.  His birthplace had been the city of Ur of the Chaldees and when they came they put up their tents in a land already populated by Canaanites and Philistines.  Ur is actually an ancient Babylonian city.  The city was highly civilized in Abram's time and showed archaeologists evidence of an extensive flood at an earlier date.  So these people were really roughing it in their trek to come across the land of Canaan and put up tents.  One wonders what forced them out of Ur?  Abram visited Egypt and then returned to live in Hebron.  Abraham's Y haplogroup (male line) is J1) since Moses and his brother Aaron through Aaron carry this Cohen haplogroup.  It's also shared with many Arabs, proving our history of being cousins.    

Jews who came again in a needed time of return to Eretz came from Eastern Europe and Russia via the Sea and they built Tel Aviv in 1909. Tel Aviv, the Hill of Spring, was the title of the Hebrew translation of Herzl's novel, Altneuland.  They were able to live in places according to the rules of the Ottoman Empire in the 1880s and onward.  That's why they didn't get to settle back into Judea and Samaria easily.  

Judea and Samaria.  What is Samaria?  Where is Samaria?  

Samaria was the capital of the northern kingdom of Israel after Solomon's death when they had lost the use of Jerusalem as their capital.  It was founded in about 880 BCE by the then king Omri on a hill bought from Shemer as told in detail in Kings 16:24.  The site was 7 miles NW of Shechem (today's Nablus) and was on an isolated elevation dominating a wide countryside.  The city was on 25 acres.   It fell in  721 BCE to Sargon II of Assyria who resettled it with Cutheans who intermingled with the remnants of the former Israelite population.  "The Cuthites were a people living in Samaria around 500 BCE, and were to blame for the postponing of the 2nd temple, in the reign of Cyrus the Great. They did this after the Jewish people returned from Babylonian exile, and first agreed to help them, but after the Jews refused, they lied to king Cyrus who postponed the building process."

The name, Samaria, also includes  the entire northern region of the central highlands of Palestine.  
                                                           

We come to the end of World War I when the Allies promise Jews a Jewish Homeland out of the area known as Palestine/first known as Palestinian Syria.  Palestine was only a piece of land, not a country belonging to anyone except at that moment, the Ottoman Empire who also just owned it for collecting taxes.  It was part of their empire, named by the Romans in their anger. Their intention was to minimize the Jewish association with the area.   The Allies won over the Axis which included the Ottoman Empire and gave a 30 year mandate to Britain to keep order.  Within a short time, this was sliced apart with a huge chunk given away by Britain to a prince of Saudi Arabia who created Trans-Jordan, that became Jordan.  Britain happens to be the Muslim country's greatest trader.  Whether it's that or oil, Britain was not about to be their enemy.  They had fought against the German invaders of gaining the Middle East even though the Ottoman Empire was on Germany's side.

Jordan's land given them by Britain was annexed by them in 1950. This annexation was considered illegal and was recognized only by Britain, Iraq and Pakistan.

Israel was in  a war started by its Muslim neighbors in 1967 which Israel won, so they occupied Judea and Samaria, called the West Bank as it was on the West side of the Jordan River, a border-line.  Jordan called it the "West Bank" in order to minimize the Jewish memories of ownership.  
                                                          

Israel's piece is the pale yellow color which includes parts
of Jerusalem.  How terrible to cut a city in parts east and west.
Today it is a whole city as it should be.  Arabs were not  moved.
Notice that Israel got the Negev Desert.  Boy!  

"The Oslo Accords, signed between the Palestine Liberation Organization and Israel, created administrative districts with varying levels of Palestinian autonomy within each area. Area C, in which Israel maintained complete civil and security control, accounts for over 60% of the territory of the West Bank.

Abbas of the PA has said that their Palestine will have absolutely no Jews in it.  Judea and Samaria has Jews now living there.  They will be kicked out.  There are 3 areas making up the land according to the Oslo agreements;  A, B, and C.  This would all be discounted.  As a state, they would be receiving weapons.  Gaza does, but illegally so.  So the world is expecting Israel to be attacked not only from Gaza but right next door-even from Jerusalem's east, to be attacked.  

                                                         

Jerusalem, center of 3 religions; Judaism, Christianity and Islam
with Jordan given rights on Temple Mount
Who suffers?  Jewish worshippers who aren't allowed near Muslim sites-
not even allowed to be seen moving lips.
Perhaps they can during Coronavirus days wearing masks? 

The West Bank, including East Jerusalem, has a land area of 5,640 km² plus a water area of 220 km², consisting of the northwest quarter of the Dead Sea.  As of July 2017 it has an estimated population of 2,747,943 Palestinians, and approximately 391,000 Israeli settlers, and approximately another 201,200 Israeli settlers in East Jerusalem. The international community considers Israeli settlements in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this."  Professor Kontorovich defends Israel's interpretation as he is an inter-
national law expert.  

" The International Court of Justice advisory ruling (2004) concluded that events that came after the 1967 occupation of the West Bank by Israel, including the Jerusalem Law, Israel's peace treaty with Jordan and the Oslo Accords, did not change the status of the West Bank (including East Jerusalem) as occupied territory with Israel as the occupying power."  Logic makes this impossible, but one finds such courts always siding 

against the Jewish State.  

UPdate-5/21/20 From Kontorovich: " Today, the prevalent approach is that even though the land did not belong to Jordan, it was “Jordanian enough,” and therefore the laws of occupation and the Geneva Convention apply to it. "

"This is nonsense, because even if we assumed this was correct, the Geneva Convention no longer applies when there is a peace treaty, and there has been a peace treaty with Jordan since 1994. It has to be either one or the other: Either it belonged to Israel all the time and Israel liberated its own territory in 1967, and you can’t occupy your own territory. Alternatively, it was “Jordanian enough” in 1967 for the laws of occupation to apply. In that case, the peace treaty with Jordan nullified the Geneva Convention. The Oslo Accords even took it a step further and granted local self-government." 

Right now Israel has on their table, laying there since the end of the 1967 War 

which they won, the annexation of Judea-Samaria.  Jordan is in an uproar.  Iran

is threatening destruction of Israel.  The decision may come soon.  

What is happening?

"On 16 September 2019, in an interview with Israeli Army Radio, Netanyahu said "I intend to extend sovereignty on all the settlements and the (settlement) blocs," including "sites that have security importance or are important to Israel’s heritage," including the settlements in Hebron.

The application of Israeli law in the West Bank settlements has been described by commentators as "creeping annexation."

Update 5/20/20: To annex or not, that is the $64 question with so many American Jews against it.  Wouldn't it be fair to say that only Netanyahu's government has the obligation to decide such a decision?  We can put forth our opinion, but in the end, it is their right to decide.  I remember that Truman wanted to recognize Israel and all his men advised against it, but he did it anyway.  It was the best decision for the Jews of Palestine, even the ones living in the United States, and not bad at all for the USA.  Israel's big brother has benefited.  This annexation of Judea and Samaria is looked upon by the Israeli government as them being 53 years in arrears for the act.  It should have been done at the end of 1967's War.  They've given the Arabs every chance to be peaceful people, but it hasn't happened.  It hasn't yet.  

Update: 5/20/20:  "During the 1967 Six-Day War, Israel captured East Jerusalem, a part of the West Bank, from Jordan. It has remained occupied until the present day. On June 27, 1967, Israel unilaterally extended its law and jurisdiction to East Jerusalem and some of the surrounding area, incorporating about 70 square kilometers of territory into the Jerusalem Municipality. Although at the time Israel informed the United Nations that its measures constituted administrative and municipal integration rather than annexation, later rulings by the Israeli Supreme Court indicated that East Jerusalem had become part of Israel. In 1980, Israel passed the Jerusalem Law as part of its Basic Law, which declared Jerusalem the "complete and united" capital of Israel. In other words, Israel purported to annex East Jerusalem. The annexation was declared null and void by UNSC Resolutions 252, 267, 271, 298, 465, 476 and 478.

Israel and the territories Israel occupied in the Six-Day War.

Jewish neighborhoods have since been built in East Jerusalem, and Israeli Jews have since also settled in Arab neighborhoods there, though some Jews may have returned from their 1948 expulsion after the Battle for Jerusalem. Only Costa Rica recognized Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem, and those countries who maintained embassies in Israel did not move them to Jerusalem. The United States Congress has passed the Jerusalem Embassy Act, which recognizes Jerusalem as the united capital of Israel and requires the relocation of the U.S. embassy there, but the bill has been waived by presidents Clinton, Bush, and Obama on national security grounds. President Trump has begun the controversial process of moving the United States embassy to Jerusalem, but has not recognized the annexation of East Jerusalem."

"Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas ends security agreement with Israel and US"                           

Rockets shot from Gaza

    I haven't seen any security from Gaza at all which is in cahoots with Abbas.  Gaza is the PA's strongarm.  They have constantly been shooting mortars, missiles and rockets at Israel.  

"Declaration follows the creation of a new Israeli government which is officially contemplating annexation of some areas of the West Bank."  

Israel is made up of over 20% of Arabs who have equal rights with Jewish Israeli citizens.  

Gaza is ruled over by Arabs for their Arabs.  They swore to not have peace at the Khartoum Conference after 1967's loss in the war.  Israel had first cleared all their own Jewish citizens out of Gaza in order to give them more room, which was very hard on their citizens for sure!  They had to leave businesses that the Gazans destroyed.  
                                             

Being nice only got Israel snipers and bombers, people fighting with fire in kites, Tunneling to kidnap Jews better, every sort of hateful act.  And the world continues to harp on having a Palestinian State on Judah's remains, a sliver of land that the Jews finally held in their hands of the pie they were promised.  80% of their land had first gone to Jordan!  They were left with 20% now being harped up as sliced to make Palestine-leaving what?  10% of the original piece?  

Resource: 
https://jcpa.org/why-israeli-rule-in-the-west-bank-is-legal-under-international-law/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_Bank
The New Standard jewish Encyclopedia
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/20/palestinian-leader-mahmoud-abbas-ends-security-agreement-with-israel-and-us
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank
https://israel-nadene.blogspot.com/2015/05/the-true-legal-facts-on-green-line-near.html
Tanakh, Stone Edition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annexation
Update: 5/21/20: https://mail.google.com/mail/u/0/?tab=wm#inbox/FMfcgxwHNVzMTxVwhKzcJSWkwWkXzbrR-Victor Sharpe Essay